# looping dicts
for k, v in knights.iteritems():
  print k, v

# looping sequences
for i, v in enumerate(Seq):
  print i, v

# dict from lists
dict(zip(keyList, valList))

# dict from lists
dict(zip(keyStr.split(' '), valString.split(' ')))

# dict from obj attribs
dict((name, getattr(ob, name)) for name in dir(ob) if not name.startswith('__')) 

# concat strings 1
''.join([xStr, yStr])

# concat strings 2
xStr = ''.join([xStr, yStr])

# map 1
seq = range(10)
def cube(x): return x*x*x
map(cube, seq)

# map 2
seq = range(10)
def add(x, y): return x+y
map(add, seq, seq)

# reduce
seq = range(10)
def add(x, y): return x+y
reduce(add, seq)

# list comprehension 1
vec = [2, 4, 6]
[3*x for x in vec]

# list comprehension 2 if
vec = [2, 4, 6]
[3*x for x in vec if x > 3]

# list comprehension 3 list
vec = [2, 4, 6]
[[x,x**2] for x in vec]

# list comprehension 4 dict
vec = [2, 4, 6]
[{x:x**2} for x in vec]

# list comprehension 5 v1, v2
vec1 = [2, 4, 6]
vec2 = [4, 3, -9]
[x*y for x in vec1 for y in vec2]
# rightmost for varies first
# [8, 6, -18, 16, 12, -36, 24, 18, -54]

# list comprehension 6 v1, v2  dicts
vec1 = [2, 4, 6]
vec2 = [4, 3, -9]
[{x:y} for x in vec1 for y in vec2]
# rightmost for varies first
# [{2: 4}, {2: 3}, {2: -9}, {4: 4}, {4: 3}, 
#       {4: -9}, {6: 4}, {6: 3}, {6: -9}]

# list comprehension 7 nested
mat = [ 
        [1, 2, 3],
        [4, 5, 6],
        [7, 8, 9],
      ]
[[row[i] for row in mat] for i in range(len(mat[0]))]
# Above list comprehension inverts the matrix
# :)To avoid apprehension when nesting list comprehensions, 
#    read them from right to left. :)

# zip
x = ['1', '2', '3']
y = ('4', '5', '6')
z = "789"
zip(x, y, z)
# [('1', '4', '7'), ('2', '5', '8'), ('3', '6', '9')]
# returns a list of tuples, where the i-th tuple contains the i-th 
#   element from each of the argument sequences or iterables.

# readFile2String
f = open('c:/', 'r') #on windows add 'b'==binary
s = f.read()
f.close()

# readFile2String 1 liner
f = open('c:/test.txt', 'r'); s = f.read(); f.close()

# readLines
f = open('c:/', 'r') #on windows add 'b'==binary
for line in f:
  # process(line)
f.close()

# writeString
f = open('c:/', 'w') #on windows add 'b'==binary
f.write('This is a test\n')  #\n is NOT automatically added!
f.close()

# writeString 1 liner
f = open('c:/', 'w'); f.write('This is a test\n'); f.close()

# cd
import os
os.chdir(r"C:\1d\GoogleDev\appEnginePjs")

# pwd
import os
os.path.abspath(os.curdir)

# string replace
s = 'spam bacon ham spam ham bacon spam'
s.replace('spam', 'eggs',1) #one
s.replace('spam', 'eggs')   #all